The frequency of rectal and colonic polyps was compared in 33 patients with history of cholecystectomy and 37 patients without it. The data were evaluated retrospectively from our medical bank records. We found a major incidence of adenomatous polyps in the group of patients with cholecystectomy, the same in females as in males, with a female prevalence in 2.7:1 ratio in contrast with the group without surgery, where the ratio was 1.5:1 with a male prevalence. We didn't find any association between cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer. All the patients with adenocarcinoma were in the group without cholecystectomy.