Several studies of Phlebotomine sandflies in the province of Almería (Southeastern Spain) showed Phlebotomus perniciosus to be the most abundant and wide-ranging number of the genus Phlebotomus. Samples collected during an entire year showed a population curve characterized by two peaks. Morphological examinations of males revealed marked variability to the peneane valves, and the existence od specimens with intermediate features between P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis. Dissections of females detected 24 specimens out of 522 (4.59%) infected with Leishmania sp.