Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine usefulness of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in clinical evaluation of different glucose metabolism disturbances in subjects with at least one risk factor of type 2 diabetes. We compared the effectiveness of non-pharmacological and pharmacological prevention and treatment regiments on metabolic control in these individuals.
Material and methods: The study involved 130 patients, with the following characteristics: age between 18 to 76 years, mean body mass index (BMI) - 31.82 +/- 7.24 kg/m(2), and presence of at least one of the risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Glucose metabolism disturbances were diagnosed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Non-pharmacological regiments were applied for 3 months for patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes. Patients, whose still met criteria for type 2 diabetes during OGTT after non-pharmacological treatment were scheduled for pharmacological interventions. These patients were assigned at random to two groups, that were treated with either metformin or acarbose. The measurements of total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol , LDL-cholesterol, trigliceryde (TG), glucose, HbA(1c) and/or OGGT were performed during each visit. We also assessed risk factors for type 2 diabetes in these subjects.
Results: The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in subjects with at least one of the risk factor of diabetes type 2 was near 40%. OGTT in these subjects increased the possibility of diagnosis diabetes type 2 and IGT. Hypertension (81%), hypercholesterolemia (71.4%), hypertriglicerydemia (71.4%) and obesity (66.7%) were the most frequent risk factors observed. There were no differences in biochemical measurements between these groups of patients.
Conclusions: Individuals with at least one risk factor of type 2 diabetes should have screening test to diagnose glucose intolerance. Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological intervention was effective in normalization of glucose OGTT in patients with diabetes type 2 and IGT in newly diagnosed with disease patients.