Therapeutic vaccines targeting various self-molecules is an emerging field of vaccine development that is studied extensively in areas such as birth control, cancer, allergy and autoimmunity. Promising results have come from a number of animal studies and several vaccines are in advanced clinical trials. However, no vaccine is currently on the market. This review will focus on the progress in the development of vaccines against IgE-mediated allergies. Targets under investigation are the IgE molecule itself and several Th2 cytokines, that is, IL-4, -5, -13, -33, -18 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. This review will also discuss new methods to enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccines and how this can contribute to more rapid progress in the field.