Abstract
Three sesquiterpenoids, xanthatin (1), xanthinosin (2), and 4-oxo-bedfordia acid (3) were isolated from Xanthium strumarium as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis in activated microglia (IC(50) values: 0.47, 11.2, 136.5 microM, respectively). Compounds 1 and 2 suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the activity of NF-kappaB through the inhibition of LPS-induced I-kappaB-alpha degradation in microglia.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cell Survival
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Cells, Cultured
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / chemistry
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Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism*
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Furans / isolation & purification
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Furans / pharmacology*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
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I-kappa B Kinase / metabolism
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Lactones / isolation & purification
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Lactones / pharmacology*
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Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology*
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Mice
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Microglia / drug effects
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Microglia / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / genetics
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sesquiterpenes / isolation & purification
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Sesquiterpenes / pharmacology*
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Xanthium / chemistry*
Substances
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4-oxo-bedfordia acid
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Furans
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Lactones
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Lipopolysaccharides
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NF-kappa B
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RNA, Messenger
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Sesquiterpenes
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xanthinosin
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xanthatin
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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I-kappa B Kinase