A 57-year-old male with anuria presented to our emergency room 48 days after living renal transplantation. The diagnosis of acute renal failure due to subcapsular hematoma of transplanted kidney following rupture of intra-renal aneurysm was made based on ultrasonographic findings. He underwent selective arterial coil embolization and open drainage of renal subcapsular hematoma. Diuresis was achieved immediately and the graft function recovered to the baseline level 7 days after drainage. Based on the site of aneurysm, needle biopsies during renal transplant surgery might have caused the aneurysm.