Environmentally benign synthesis of natural glycosides using apple seed meal as green and robust biocatalyst

J Biotechnol. 2008 Feb 29;133(4):469-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.12.003. Epub 2007 Dec 15.

Abstract

Salidroside is a natural glycoside with pharmacological activities of resisting anoxia, microwave radiation and fatigue, improving oxygen lack, and postponing ageing. In this work, salidroside and other natural glucosides such as cinnamyl O-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 4-methoxybenzyl O-beta-d-glucopyranoside were efficiently synthesized via an environmentally benign and energy economic process. In the synthetic process, apple seed, easily available from discards of fruit processing factories, was employed as a natural and green catalyst. Moreover, all of the catalyst, solvent and excessive substrate was reused or recycled. The biocatalytic reaction was carried out in a clean and less toxic medium of aqueous tert-butanol and the glucoside produced was selectively removed from reaction mixture by alumina column adsorption, making excessive substrate (aglycon) recyclable for a repeated use in the next batch of reaction. For improvement of the biocatalyst stability, apple seed meal was further cross-linked by glutaraldehyde, yielding a net-like porous structure within which the dissociating proteins were immobilized, resulting in improved permeability of the biocatalyst. After the simple cross-linking treatment, the half-life of apple seed catalyst was significantly improved from 29 days to 51 days. The productivity of the bioreactor in the case of salidroside can reach ca. 1.9 gl(-1)d(-1), affording the product in up to 99.3% purity after refinement.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aluminum Oxide / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Glucosidases / metabolism
  • Glucosides / chemistry
  • Glycosides / biosynthesis
  • Glycosides / chemical synthesis
  • Glycosides / chemistry*
  • Malus / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Molecular Structure
  • Phenols / chemistry
  • Seeds / chemistry*
  • Seeds / metabolism
  • Seeds / ultrastructure

Substances

  • Glucosides
  • Glycosides
  • Phenols
  • Glucosidases
  • Aluminum Oxide
  • rhodioloside