To discriminate between sarcoidosis and sarcoid reaction in the lymphadenopathy of malignancy is sometimes clinically important. We describe a case of sarcoidosis associated with double cancers of the esophagus and stomach. A patient who six months previously was found to have early gastric cancer, was then found to have esophagus cancer. The chest radiography demonstrated bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Pathological analysis of the lymph nodes and lungs showed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma, revealing the existence of sarcoidosis. The findings suggest that the possibility of systemic sarcoidosis should be considered in cases with established malignancy and newly disclosed radiographic findings.