Objective: To report a case of clear cell carcinoma in abdominal wall endometriosis after cesarean section.
Design: Case report.
Setting: A French oncology center.
Patient(s): A 38-year-old woman who developed a 10-cm mass in the abdominal wall muscles, 13 years after a cesarean section.
Intervention(s): Abdominal wall resection and chemotherapy.
Main outcome measure(s): Clinical outcome.
Result(s): The diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma in abdominal wall endometriosis was confirmed, and wide surgical excision with abdominal wall reconstruction was performed after three courses of chemotherapy.
Conclusion(s): The malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometrioma has not been clearly elucidated, owing to its rarity. However, the eventuality should always be considered, and the prognosis improved through wide surgical excision.