This paper summarizes the current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with Class III skeletal dysplasia. It also includes a report of two siblings with Class III skeletal dysplasia, although each received different treatment due to different causes of the condition. This review illustrates that early appropriate diagnosis, including cephalometric analysis, is important for identifying the location of the dysplasia. If the dysplasia is in the maxilla, treatment may prevent the need for future orthognathic surgery. Treatment for mandibular prognathism usually involves waiting for the patient's growth to complete (this could occur past the age of 18 in women and the age of 20 in men) and performing orthognathic surgery at that time.