Methoxycarbonylation of olefins catalyzed by palladium complexes bearing P,N-donor ligands

Dalton Trans. 2007 Dec 14:(46):5419-26. doi: 10.1039/b704615b. Epub 2007 Sep 25.

Abstract

The methoxycarbonylation of alkenes catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes with P,N-donor ligands, 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine (Ph2PNHpy), 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (Ph2PCH2py), and 2-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline (Ph2Pqn) has been investigated. The results show that the complex [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl or an equimolar mixture of [PdCl2(Ph2PNHpy)] and PPh3, in the presence of p-toluensulfonic acid (TsOH), is an efficient catalyst for this reaction. This catalytic system promotes the conversion of styrene into methyl 2-phenylpropanoate and methyl 3-phenylpropanoate with nearly complete chemoselectivity, 98% regioselectivity in the branched isomer, and high turnover frequency, even at alkene/Pd molar ratios of 1000. Best results were obtained in toluene-MeOH (3 : 1) solvent. The Pd/Ph2PNHpy catalyst is also efficient in the methoxycarbonylation of cyclohexene and 1-hexene, although with lower rates than with styrene. Related palladium complexes [PdCl(PPh3)L]Cl (L = Ph2PCH2py and Ph2Pqn) show lower activity in the methoxycarbonylation of styrene than that of the 2-(diphenylphosphinoamino)pyridine ligand. Replacement of the last ligand by (diphenylphosphino)phenylamine (Ph2PNHPh) or 2-(diphenylphosphinoaminomethyl)pyridine (Ph2PNMepy) also reduces significantly the activity of the catalyst, indicating that both the presence of the pyridine fragment as well as the NH group, are required to achieve a high performing catalyst. Isotopic labeling experiments using MeOD are consistent with a hydride mechanism for the [PdCl(PPh3)(Ph2PNHpy)]Cl catalyst.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkenes / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Esters / chemical synthesis*
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Molecular Structure
  • Organometallic Compounds / chemistry
  • Palladium / chemistry*
  • Pyridines / chemical synthesis
  • Pyridines / chemistry*

Substances

  • Alkenes
  • Esters
  • Organometallic Compounds
  • Pyridines
  • Palladium