Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer: from lab to bedside

Abstract

Objectives: To discuss the current knowledge on induction, production, sustenance and promotion of neuroendocrine differentiation in human prostate cancer.

Methods: Review of the literature using PubMed search and scientific journal publications.

Results: Morphological evidence explains some functional relationship between neuroendocrine and neoplastic surrounding cells. Transdifferentiation phenomenon and new biochemical pathways could be included in the development of androgen independence and prostate cancer progression.

Conclusion: Multiple evidence seems to confirm that a synergistic functional network between epithelial PSA secretory cells and neuroendocrine intraprostatic system is the main trigger for the induction and sustenance of neuroendocrine differentiation. The development of new antineoplastic molecules should consider the multiple interference of the intercellular network.