Universal temperature dependence of the magnetization of gapped spin chains

Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Aug 3;99(5):057205. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.057205. Epub 2007 Jul 31.

Abstract

A Haldane chain under applied field is analyzed numerically, and a clear minimum of magnetization is observed as a function of temperature. We elucidate its origin using the effective theory near the critical field and propose a simple method to estimate the gap from the magnetization at finite temperatures. We also demonstrate that there exists a relation between the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the field dependence of the spin-wave velocity. Our arguments are universal for general axially symmetric one-dimensional spin systems.