Coprostanol (contribution characteristic from anthropogenic pollution) and other lipid biomarkers (sterols, fatty alcohols and fatty acids) were identified and quantified in recent sediment extracts from Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, a touristy spot of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, using gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The determination of lipid biomarkers profile indicates an autochthonous biogenic contribution due to the presence of phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria and dinoflagellates. The allochthonous biogenic contribution was confirmed by detection of biomarkers from higher plants in the sediments due to the influence of the Atlantic Forest inserted in the studied region. The concentration of the studied compounds varied from 5.53 to 216.47 microg.g(-1) for sterols, 0.47 to 5.35 microg.g(-1) for fatty alcohols, 20.15 to 66.22 microg.g(-1) for fatty acids and 0.08 to 3.98 microg.g(-1) for coprostanol. The presence of coprostanol was attributed to illegal untreated sewage discharge in the pluvial collector which ends up in the Lagoon.