A strain of Nonomuraea was isolated from Maheshkhali, Cox's Bazar, an unexplored region of Bangladesh. Strain 16-5-14(T) is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete that formed branched substrate and aerial mycelia. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain 16-5-14(T) was shown to belong to the genus Nonomuraea, being most closely related to Nonomuraea kuesteri. Chemotaxonomic data supported allocation of the strain as a member of the genus Nonomuraea. The strain 16-5-14(T) contained MK-9(H(4)) as the major menaquinone, the polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine and major cellular fatty acids were observed as C(16 : 0 )(15.5%), iso-C(16 : 0) (13.8%) and 10-methyl C(17 : 0) (9.6%). Results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 16-5-14(T) from closely related species N. kuesteri. Thus 16-5-14(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea. On the basis of evaluation of the morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridization, Nonomuraea maheshkhaliensis sp. nov. (type strain, 16-5-14(T)=JCM 13929(T)=MTCC 8545(T)) is proposed.