The topography structure of biomaterial is one of the most important factors which affect cells' behaviors, including cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. With the development of nanobiology and technology, it is well known that cells could sense and respond to the nanotopography of material's substratum with "contact guidance", and the nanotopography of the substratum has potential application and significance to tissue regeneration and rehabilitation. In this article, various methods to constitute nanotopography including polymer demixing, electrospinning, electron beam lithography as well as chemical grafting were reviewed, the effects of nanotopography on cells' growth behavior and reconstruction of extracellular matrix were analyzed, and the important functions of nanotopography construction to the cell-material interaction at the molecular and cellular level were discussed.