The name Cardamine fallax (O. E. Schulz) Nakai, based on Cardamine flexuosa subsp. fallax O. E. Schulz, is lectotypified by the specimen originating from Japan (Mama-mura, Shimosa) in accordance with the original description and with the current use of the name by the majority of Japanese and Korean authors. Contrary to the treatment in the recent editions of the Flora of China and Flora of Japan, hexaploid C. fallax is considered here as a taxon different from diploid C. parviflora L. The main morphological difference between these two species is in the shape of cauline leaves. Those of C. parviflora are pinnatisect (lower ones seldom pinnate), with oblanceolate to linear, entire or almost entire segments or leaflets, and those of C. fallax are pinnate, usually with petiolulate, lobate, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect leaflets. The distribution area of C. fallax includes Japan, Korea and Eastern China.