In our continuing investigation of the significance of leukocytosis in prostatic fluid (PF), the relation of leukocytosis in PF to that in selected sections of prostate with significant inflammation was studies with whole-mount specimens obtained at radical prostatectomy from 12 patients with prostate cancer. Although leukocytosis was observed both in PF and in prostate tissue in all 12 patients, there was no correlation between the leukocyte count in PF and the intensity of inflammation. However, the ratio of macrophages among leukocytes in PF correlated with the number of ducts filled with macrophages in prostate tissue (p=0.0481). This finding was consistent with our previous finding that activation of macrophages in PF reflects active inflammation in prostate tissue. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles of macrophages and whole leukocytes in PF and prostate tissue.