This article presents the history of treatment for scoliosis in the Wielkopolska and Lubuska regions of Poland between 1840 and 2003. Surgical treatment for scoliosis was initiated by I. Wierzejewski, who worked in the first orthopedic Hospital in Poznań between 1913 and 1930. Here in 1923 the first University Department of Orthopedics in Poland was organized. Scoliosis management was one of the chief topics of therapeutic and scientific interest in this institution. After the Second World War, the treatment of scoliosis was developed to two centers: the University Department of Orthopedics in Poznan (Prof. Wiktor Dega) and the Orthopaedic-Rehabilitation Sanatorium in Swiebodzin (Dr. Lech Wierusz). Contemporary methods of treatment were used: the Harrington method, the Cotrel-Dubousset method, and the anterior approach. Orthopedic braces and spinal implants were manufactured in the local orthopedic workshops. Instruments and implants for the C-D method were manufactured in Zielona Góra by the by LfC Company. The results achieved with scoliosis patients in the Wielkopolska and Lubuska regions are comparable with those of the best orthopedic centers in the world.