The seminal observation that ectopics from the pulmonary veins may initiate paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) heralded an era of potentially curative catheter ablation therapy for AF. In recent years, catheter ablation has been performed for not only paroxysmal but also persistent and permanent AF. It is anticipated that the number of procedures will continue to increase and the indication for catheter ablation will expand. This article details our experience with catheter ablation therapy for patients with persistent and chronic AF.