Background: Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in Nigeria. Although there is an ongoing national program for its control, disease control programs in other countries have shown the need to understand the sociocultural aspects of disease transmission, prevention, and treatment in endemic communities before control efforts are undertaken.
Objective: To describe sociocultural factors that influence the distribution process of praziquantel for the mass treatment of schistosomiasis infection.
Methods: Data for the study were collected through focus group discussions held separately with adult males and females, male and female adolescents (13-19 years), and male and female children (5-12 years). In-depth interviews were similarly held with the drug distributors of praziquantel for mass treatment and with community/opinion leaders of six hyperendemic communities in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria on mass treatment using praziquantel. These focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were held both before and following the drug distribution. The data were analyzed using the textual analysis program, Textbase Beta.
Results: Following a 3-week period of mass treatment in six communities, we observed an increased awareness of rivers/streams as a source of schistosomiasis. In addition, the communities reported overwhelming support for the mass treatment after receiving treatment. The reasons for this acceptance appear to include the perceived efficacy of praziquantel against the disease and its availability free of charge. The drug's distributors adhered to the originally specified systems-based protocol for mass treatment in only two of the six communities. The systems-based protocol adhered to strict distribution through primary health centers and schools. The four other communities used a community-based approach for mass treatment with praziquantel and attained greater coverage of treatment as a result.
Conclusion: Obtaining community support and involvement before the implementation of mass treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel contributes to an effective treatment strategy for this disease. A detailed assessment of a community's health needs, before the initiation of the control efforts against endemic infections, should be undertaken.