Histological responses during experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs were investigated in parotid lymph nodes for ten days following inoculation. Lambs were infected by the subcutaneous route into the right eyelid with a virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis. Multiple microscopic acute abscesses, predominantly infiltrated with polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, were seen in the right parotid lymph node on the 1st day post-inoculation (PI). This massive PMN infiltration coincided with a peripheral blood granulocytosis. On day 3 PI, an influx of histiocytes was observed, while the microabscesses became confluent. From day 3 to day 10 PI, these lesions became enlarged and transformed into typical pyogranulomas with a central necrosis and a peripheral mantle of mononuclear cells composed of macrophages, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes; these histological changes were associated with a bacterial dissemination limited to the superficial lymph nodes. A lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers was observed in the draining lymph nodes from day 3 PI. These results illustrate the dual role of granulomatous lesions in chronic bacterial infections: although they limit bacterial dissemination, the granulomas do not impair the persistence of infectious organisms in the host, leading to focal tissue damage.