Salt is essential and important for maintaining life. Excess salt intake produces an increase in blood pressure. In several subpopulations of patients with hypertension, such as those with obesity, post-menopausal women, and patients with chronic kidney diseases, for example, salt sensitivity is based on a pressure-natriuresis mechanism. In this mechanism, neuro-humoral regulation is mainly responsible for sodium handling. In addition, NO has a powerful effect on the pressure-natriuresis mechanism. Based on this mechanism, progression of chronic kidney disease is governed by salt uptake. Moreover, a genetic component for salt sensitivity is important in normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension. In these regards, modulation of salt is of utmost importance in the fields of hypertension and nephrology.