Infection in ventriculo-atrial shunts implanted for relief of raised intracranial pressure may, in rare cases, result in glomerulonephritis (shunt-nephritis). Most frequently, infection with low-virulent bacteria is concerned. This results in mild or subclinical symptoms with the subsequent risk that the condition is overlooked. The glomerular damage is considered to be precipitated by deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys and subsequent activation of the complement system. The renal manifestations consist of varying degrees of proteinuria, haematuria and reduction of renal function. Treatment consists of removal of the shunt. If continued relief of pressure in the ventricular system is necessary, a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt should be implanted. Normally, the prognosis of the renal disease is good. If the diagnosis and treatment are delayed, irreversible renal damage may result. Regular control of urine (proteinuria, haematuria) and blood (Hb, serumcreatinine and serum complement) are recommended in the follow up control of patients with ventriculo-atrial shunts.