The evolution of the veterinary role in disaster management across the last 25 years is described, with particular attention to the Italian experience. Italy has a specific organisation of veterinary services which are integrated into the civil protection system as a component of the national health service. The Italian model is compared with USA and France. In USA a major role is played by the association of veterinarians (AVMA) while in France the veterinary response to disasters is based mostly on the activities of the Vetèrinaires Sapeur Pompiers (Veterinary Fire Brigades). Emerging issues arising after 9/11 attacks and SARS experience, as well as environmental emergencies, and the implication concerning the role of veterinary medicine in disasters are discussed.