Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) means cognitive deterioration not yet causing disability or dementia. Aged patients with MCI constitute a group of high risk for Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia. Currently, there is no generally adopted approach to MCI management but medications with neuroprotective properties are presumed to be the most perspective. Presented are the results of a multicentral open-label clinical trial of vascular and neuroprotective drug tanakan (EGb 761). The study has shown the decrease of cognitive impairment, which was both clinically and statistically significant, in patients at early stages of vascular and neurodegenerative pathological process. Probable efficacy of long-term tanakan treatment in prevention of dementia is discussed.