More than 30 % of the German population are regular smokers, over half of whom will eventually die of smoking-related diseases. Life expectancy is abridged by 10 years in smokers compared to non-smokers. Smoking tobacco is the main risk factor for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predisposes to a number of other lung diseases. A smoking cessation programme including pharmacological as well as psychosocial support is highly effective in COPD Patients. Smoking cessation improves lung function, symptoms and mortality. In conclusion, smoking cessation services are among the most effective medical interventions. Thus, a sufficient supply of smoking cessation services on a population level must be ensured.