Modern corneal laser surgery for the correction of optical errors of the eye requires a precise, reliable and reproducible creation of corneal lenticels (flaps). The use of ultra-short laser pulses with pulse durations of a few 100 femtoseconds (10(-13) s) allows for non-thermal cuts of ocular tissue. Mean flap thicknesses as small as 100 microm with a reproducibility of 10 microm (standard deviation) can be created by using mechano-optical adaptations through the eye. Thus, the femtosecond laser can be considered a good alternative approach with a safety in clinical use that is comparable with that of mechanical microkeratomes.