Recently, the pharmacological study of Ganoderma spores and active components has become a focus of attention in the world. The present review is based on the auctorial research on Ganoderma spores. It involves pharmacological effects of Ganoderma spores and its active components, including immunomodulating effect, antitumor activity and its mechanism in vivo and in vitro, liver-protective effect, gastric ulcer preventing effect, serum glucose and blood fat depressing effects, anti-hypoxia and scavenging free redical, etc. The possible problems and their solutions in this research area are also discussed.