Over the past two decades, research scientists have been involved in the investigation of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms owing to the unique features of their enzymic systems. Such in-depth investigations are now on their way to mastering the cloning and industrial exploitation of a broad variety of genes encoding enzymes involved in starch hydrolysis, amino acid biosynthesis, protein hydrolysis, etc. In this work, we review the state of the art and future perspectives of industrial applications of enzymes from hyperthermophilic and extreme thermophilic microorganisms, special attention being paid to the biotechnological methods involved in their industrial exploitation.