Because the control performance of a piezoactuator is always severely deteriorated due to hysteresis effect, an adaptive control with hysteresis estimation and compensation using recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN) is proposed in this study to improve the control performance of the piezo-actuator. A new hysteresis model by modifying and parameterizing the hysteresis friction model is proposed. Then, the overall dynamics of the piezo-actuator is completed by integrating the parameterized hysteresis model into a mechanical motion dynamics. Based on this developed dynamics, an adaptive control with hysteresis estimation and compensation is proposed. However, in the designed adaptive controller, the lumped uncertainty E is difficult to obtain in practical application. Therefore, a RFNN is adopted as an uncertainty observer in order to adapt the value of the lumped uncertainty E on line. And, some experimental results show that the proposed controller provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust to the variations of system parameters and external load.