The syndrome of acute abdomen in gynecology and obstetrics can develop due to inflammatory, ischemic-obstructive and hemorrhagic intra-abdominal etiology as a complication of primary disease, pathologic processes on some organs or injuries (genital, gastrointestinal, urinary, vascular, neurologic and musculoskeletal systems). Clinical and ultrasound examination, x-ray diagnosis, laparoscopy (in early pregnancy) and laboratory findings are the basic diagnostic methods to evaluate etiology of acute abdomen syndrome in gynecology and obstetrics. Rare cases with atypical clinical pictures and etiology of acute abdomen syndrome in gynecologic and obstetric casuistic are described.