Highly-active antiretroviral treatments have profoundly modified the course the HIV infection. Treating HIV-infected patients now means treating patients with a chronic disease. From now on, alongside with the immunovirological aspects, it has become necessary to take into account the adverse effects of the treatments, the problems of therapeutic adherence and comorbidities. It is indeed possible to simplify or to change the treatment according to the problem encountered and to the patient's immunovirological answer. As far as interrupting the treatment is concerned, strategies are still being studied. The immunologic restoration under antiretroviral treatment makes possible for the physicians to stop the chimioprophylaxies given against the opportunist infections.