Reindeer calves (n = 632) were slaughtered in November/December (n = 476) or in January (n = 156). Dressed weights and amount of perirenal fat were recorded, and the reproductive organs were collected. A separate group of 130 reindeer calves were weighed at 7 months of age and were followed up with repeated weighings and pregnancy examinations up to 21 months. The onset of puberty and the pregnancy rate were significantly influenced by body weight and the amount of perirenal fat. Approximately 60 g of perirenal fat and 22 kg dressed weight were found at the lower limits for pregnancy. A total of 222 (35%) animals had reached puberty and 126 (20%) were pregnant when examined after slaughter. Animals which conceived during their first autumn showed only a moderate weight gain the following year, and the calf mortality rate in these animals was 47.4%. It was concluded that calf pregnancies are common among the reindeer of Southern Norway and that measures need to be taken to prevent them.