We studied the spontaneous resolution rate in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and the interference of some specific factors. We reviewed the records of 110 children (14 days - 16 years) admitted in the 4th Pediatric Clinic Iaşi with primary VUR, between 1994 - 2003, which had exclusive medical management and minimum one follow-up cystogram. We used Kaplan-Meier curves to analyze the resolution rate of VUR during the follow-up in relation with initial grade, age at diagnosis, gender, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the presence of renal scarring. The remission rate for all the cases was 70%, with differences based on the reflux grade: 100% for grade I and 45% for grade IV. The cases diagnosed during infancy recovered faster than those diagnosed after this period. The presence of renal scarring and breakthrough UTIs increased the remission time. In conclusion the majority of patients with VUR resolved during medical management, the remission rate being influenced by the reflux grade, presence of renal scarring and breakthrough UTIs.