The purpose of this report is to describe the role of imaging in the diagnosis of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. A review of clinical symptoms, diagnostic imaging, and patient management of superior mesenteric artery syndrome constitutes the core of this report. Images of upper gastrointestinal series, multislice CT, and CT angiography with multiplanar reconstruction illustrate their usefulness in the diagnosis of 3 patients with superior mesenteric artery syndrome.