Objective: To assess the association between pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and infant mortality.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: Birth and infant death registration dataset of the USA.
Population: A total of 17,432,987 eligible, liveborn singleton births in 1995-2000.
Methods: Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between PIH and infant mortality, with adjustment of potential confounders.
Main outcome measures: Infant death (0-364 days) and its three components: early neonatal death (0-6 days), late neonatal death (7-27 days), and postneonatal death (28-364 days).
Results: There was a significant reduction in infant mortality associated with PIH in early preterm infants (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.56-0.63) and in late preterm infants (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), but a significant increase in term infants (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14). Both in early preterm and late preterm births, early neonatal mortality (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.34-0.42; OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.77) and late neonatal mortality (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50-0.70; OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96) were decreased in infants born to mothers with PIH compared with those born to mothers with normal blood pressure. The PIH-associated reduction in neonatal mortality among preterm singletons was stronger in small-for-gestational-age infants than in normal growth infants and stronger in infants born to nulliparous women than in those born to multiparous women.
Conclusions: PIH is associated with lower risk of infant death in preterm births but higher risk in term births.