The extracellular matrix provides a structural framework essential for the functional properties of tissues. In each tissue, the three-dimensional organisation of the extracellular matrix molecules--elastin, collagens, proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins--synthesized during development and growth is optimal for these functions. In adult tissues, proteases are constitutively expressed but have a very low activity and the turn-over of elastic and collagen fibers is very low. During ageing, the interaction of environmental factors (glucose, lipids, calcium...) and modifications of the biosynthesis and degradation processes lead to modifications of extracellular matrix homeostasis and consequently to alterations of tissue functionality. These alterations are increased during pathological processes such as cardiovascular diseases.