This article aims to offer an updated review of the relationship between cigarette smoking and coeliac disease. The most of studies have reported an inverse association between smoking and coeliac disease in adults. The explanation for these findings needs further investigations. It can be speculated that: 1. undiagnosed (and untreated) patients have in general poor health status that limits smoking habits, 2. smoking masks the clinical manifestations of the disease, 3. smoking protects against the development of the disease.