Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among Polish men. The precise causes of prostate cancer remain unclear. Apart from age, ethnic origin and genetic factors, also diet and physical activity level seem to be important. This paper presents actual opinions on the role of nutrition and physical activity in the primary prevention of prostate cancer. According to scientific investigation lifestyle modification may be a promising strategy in prostate cancer prevention. However, the present evidence for elaborating clear recommendations is still insufficient.