Risk factors of invasive candidiasis in the setting of non neutropenic critical patients are well known, although currently there is a need to define and validate in prospective multicenter studies risk assessment strategies that would predict accurately the likelihood of invasive candidiasis. The clinical application in order to define which patients should be treated with antifungal prophylaxis and which groups or subgroups of patients should be assessed prospectively during the risk period in order to validate the new diagnostic microbiological indirect techniques for invasive candidiasis and preemptive treatment should be based in these strategies.