Eighty consecutive cases of acute viral hepatitis and 80 controls selected from a public pediatric clinic were entered into a study of acute sporadic hepatitis in Khartoum, Sudan. Study subjects were 14 years of age or younger and were mainly from a low socioeconomic level. Non-A, non-B hepatitis was diagnosed by exclusion in 35 (43.8%) patients, hepatitis A in 27 (33.8%), acute hepatitis B in 8 (10.0%), possible Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis in 1 patient; and dual hepatitis A and B infection in 1 patient. Eight acute cases were positive for HBsAg but negative for anti-HBc IgM and anti-HAV IgM. Delta hepatitis was not identified in any study subject. A household case of jaundice and acquaintance with an individual outside of the household with jaundice during the prior 6 months were associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. There was no association between parenteral exposure and non-A, non-B hepatitis. These findings suggest that enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis may be a major cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children in this area, as well as a cause of epidemic hepatitis.