Collagen (CII) 263-272 peptide, an autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis, is a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1/4-binding peptide recognized by T-cell receptors (TCR). The affinity of influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) 306-318 peptide for the antigen-binding groove of HLA-DR1/4 molecules is higher than that of CII263-272. The HLA-DR1/4-binding residues of HA306-318 are located in the region 308-317. Altered HA308-317 peptides with substitutions of TCR-contact residues may inhibit HLA-DR1/4-specific T-cell activation by blocking the antigen-binding site of HLA-DR1/4 molecules. To evaluate the role of altered HA308-317 peptides in HLA-DR1-restricted T-cell activation, we synthesized three altered HA308-317 peptides. The specific binding of altered HA308-317 peptides to HLA-DR1 molecules was examined using flow cytometry. Effects of altered HA308-317 peptides on HLA-DR1-specific T-cell hybridoma were studied by measuring T-cell proliferation and surface expression of CD69 or CD25. The results showed that altered HA308-317 peptides were able to bind to HLA-DR1 molecules and competed with CII263-272 or wildtype HA308-317 peptide. Compared with wildtype CII263-272 or HA308-317, altered HA308-317 peptides did not stimulate significant T-cell proliferation and CD69 or CD25 expression. Furthermore, the altered HA308-317 peptides inhibited HLA-DR1-specific T-cell activation induced by CII263-272 or wildtype HA308-317 peptide, which may suggest an effective therapeutic strategy in inhibition of HLA-DR1-specific T-cell responses in autoimmunity.