Richards LG, Latham NK, Jette DU, Rosenberg L, Smout RJ, DeJong G. Characterizing occupational therapy practice in stroke rehabilitation.
Objectives: To describe how occupational therapy (OT) activities during stroke inpatient rehabilitation vary by admission functional status and over time and how time spent in these various activities relates to functional status at discharge.
Design: Observational cohort study.
Setting: Six inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in the United States.
Participants: People (N=713) receiving 4 to 19 hours of post-stroke OT.
Interventions: Not applicable.
Main outcome measures: Patients were categorized by number of 4-hour blocks of OT received and by admission upper-extremity (UE) dressing score on the FIM instrument. In each group, the percentage of time spent in 16 activities and the percentage of patients who received each activity were calculated. The amount of time in activities was compared for those patients scoring 1 or 2 at admission who achieved at least a level of supervision for UE dressing (a score of >or=5) using Wilcoxon 2-sample tests.
Results: The majority of OT time was spent in impairment-focused activities (37.5%) or training basic activities of daily living (31.9%). Treatment progressed to more advanced activities over time (eg, less bed mobility, more home management), yet little time was spent on community integration or leisure activities and with very few patients. Successful patients received more higher-level activities, whereas unsuccessful patients received larger amounts of basic-level activities.
Conclusions: OT activities focused on a combination of remediating impairments and retraining specific functional tasks, at the ability level of each individual patient, and provided higher-level activities as patients improved their function. More time in higher-level activities was related to greater success in rehabilitation. However, higher-level activities remain the least common activities provided during inpatient rehabilitation.