Background: In Africa, Wilms tumour frequently presents with advanced disease. This study reports our results over 25 years using the National Wilms Tumour Study Group (NWTSG) approach of primary surgery followed by chemotherapy.
Procedure: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients diagnosed with unilateral Wilms tumour between January 1979 and December 2003.
Results: The records of 188 children with newly diagnosed Wilms tumour were examined. Of these 57 (30.3%) were stage I, 33 (17.6%) were stage II, 60 (31.9%) were stage III and 38 (20.2%) were stage IV. Twenty-four patients (12.8%) had unfavourable histology (UFH). The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) for the whole group was 80.5% (84.8% for favourable histology (FH) and 51.6% for UFH). Among those with FH, estimated 5-year OS was 94.4% for stage I, 96.2% for stage II, 84.9% for stage III and 54.2% for stage IV. There was no difference in OS between those FH stage III tumours that were operable and those deemed inoperable. Intra-operative spillage was uncommon (8%), and did not increase local relapse rate.
Conclusions: National Wilms Tumour Study Group protocols employed in an African setting with highly competent and experienced surgical care, produced results for non-metastatic FH Wilms tumour comparable to those of the NWTSG.