Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed nations. Its incidence has risen in recent years and 20% of untreated patients develop coronary artery abnormalities.
Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic data of cases diagnosed in Hospital Fernando Fonseca and to identify factors that may influence prognosis.
Population and methods: A retrospective study was performed of all children admitted to Hospital Fernando Fonseca with Kawasaki disease between June 1996 and December 2003. Diagnosis was based on the presence of fever plus four of the classic criteria or three of them in association with coronary aneurysms. Demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, therapeutic measures and evolution were analyzed. SPSS for Windows was used for statistical analysis, applying the Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: A total of 23 children were admitted. The incidence was 8.2 per 100 000 children under 5. Their ages ranged from 6 months to five years (median 20 months). Half of the patients were aged < 2 years, and 21 (91%) were under 5. Most were male (74%) and white (83%). Nine children lived in the same area and ten (43%) had a concomitant infectious disease (parvovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus and herpesvirus 6). Twenty children had typical Kawasaki disease. Twenty-two received combined therapy with aspirin and high dose immunoglobulin, which was administered, on average, on the seventh day of the disease. Coronary disease was diagnosed in seven (30%) children. The frequency of cardiac lesions was highest in the youngest age group (< 2 years). The mean follow-up was 16 months. There was no mortality and aneurysmal changes persisted in only one patient.
Conclusions: Cardiac disorders were more frequent in the youngest age group, as has been reported elsewhere. The common geographic origin and the evidence of several infectious agents suggest that infection may trigger the immunopathogenesis of KD.