The aqueous extract of Croton cuneatus Klotz. (Euphorbiaceae), was tested for its antinociceptive effects using chemical and thermal test models in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined in Sprague-Dawley rats in a model of acute plantar inflammation induced by bovine serum albumin. Croton cuneatus aqueous extract at doses of 7 mg/kg showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect compared with commonly used non-stereoidal drugs as ketoprofen, sodium diclofenac and ASA (acetylsalicylic acid).