Hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatorenal syndrome is a functional renal failure in state of portal hypertension caused by splanchnic vasodilatation that brings decrease of renal perfusion. The inductive factors include acute alcoholic hepatitis, non-adequate diuretic therapy, infections and bleeding from upper parts of gastrointestinal tract. Recognition of pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatorenal syndrome helped the elaboration of therapeutic schemes. The treatment is successful in improvement of renal functions in many patients but it is very expensive.