Spontaneous splenic rupture is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of hematologic malignancies, despite the frequent involvement of the spleen in these diseases. It has been reported in patients with acute and chronic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and histiocytic lymphoma. A 50-year-old previously healthy man presented with acute symptoms of spontaneous splenic rupture. Emergency splenectomy with liver biopsy was performed. The clinicopathologic features suggested a hepatosplenic gammadelta T-cell lymphoma (HSgammadeltaTL). Here, we report a rare case of spontaneous splenic rupture associated with HSgammadeltaTL, unspecified in the World Health Organization classification.