Background: The potential morbidity and mortality of sphenoid sinus infectious processes are related to their proximity to vital structures within the orbit, such as the cavernous sinus and the brain. Involvement of the posterior orbit can result in superior orbital fissure syndrome, a rare entity affecting structures that cross this anatomic region. Early recognition of this syndrome is mandatory. Delays in adequate treatment may compromise the patient's prognosis.
Methods: We present two cases of incomplete superior orbital fissure syndrome due to infectious processes of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.
Conclusions: In our experience, endoscopic decompression of the lamina papyracea shows complete recovery of extrinsic ocular motility in these patients and should be combined with intravenous antibiotic therapy.